3. Irrigate Efficiently

• Grass: use low-volume, low-angle sprinklers.
• Trees, shrubs, flowers and ground covers: use drip, spray or bubbler emitters.
• Re-program automatic irrigation systems regularly to meet seasonal needs.
• Install a rain shutoff device.
• Efficient hose-end sprinklers throw large drops of water, not a mist, close to the ground.
• Water deeply and infrequently to develop deep roots.
• Water between 9 p.m. and 8 a.m. to reduce water loss due to evaporation.
• Read about water-efficient sprinkler systems.

4. Limit Turf Areas

• Confine the lawn to high traffic areas and areas where it will be used.
• Kentucky Bluegrass requires 25-30 inches of water each growing season.
• Wildflowers and native grasses are excellent lawn substitutes.
• Shrubs, perennials and ground covers use less water and provide a cool, green appearance.
• Place mulch around driveways or as paths.
• Expand outdoor-living areas by installing decks, patios and walkways.

5. Select Appropriate Plants

• Zone together plants with similar water and sunlight needs.
• Nurseries carry trees, shrubs, perennials and groundcovers that are low water-using.
• Plant a variety of plants with different heights, colors and textures.
• Choose plants for their seasonal interest, including fall color and/or interesting berries, bark or seed heads.
• Check out Utilities' Xeriscape Plant List.

6. Use Mulch

• Cover planting areas with 2-4 inches of mulch to conserve soil moisture, control weeds and add interest to the landscape.
• Bark chips, shredded wood chips or pole peelings decompose and improve soil texture but need to be restored from time to time.
• Use limited amounts of gravel or crushed stone in unplanted areas, since they increase heat retention and create sun glare.
• Apply mulch directly to the soil surface or over a landscape fabric.
• Do not use black plastic; it prevents air and water from reaching plant roots.

7. Maintain It

• Check trees and shrubs for pruning needs once a year.
• Frequently prune flowering perennials to stimulate blooming.
• Mow grass when it is about 1/3 higher than the desired height.
• Leave clippings to recycle nutrients into the soil.